The system that monitors the illegal activities in the network traffic is called Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This system alerts when suspicious activity once it discovered. An intrusion Detection System is a software application that can scan the network or a system and protect it from malicious activities or one who intends to break the policy.
Once the suspicious activity or violation is recognized, it will be reported to the administrator using a security information and event management (SIEM) system. A SIEM system combines outputs from several sources and employs alarm filtering methods to distinguish between legitimate and erroneous alarms.
Though network intrusion detection systems monitor the network traffic and protect from malicious activity, they also eject false alarms. As a result, while installing IDS products, businesses must tweak them. It properly configures intrusion detection systems to distinguish between legitimate network traffic and malicious activities. Intrusion prevention systems also scan network packets entering the system to verify the malicious activity and immediately deliver warning alerts.
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In this blog, we shall discuss intrusion detection system, types of intrusion detection systems, and IDS technologies in detail.
Classification of Intrusion Detection System
IDS are classified into 5 types:
- Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS)
- Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
- Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System (PIDS)
- Application Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System (APIDS)
- Hybrid Intrusion Detection System
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Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS)
Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are configured within the network at the planned point. Then it starts its operation by observing the subnet traffic, matching the traffic passed on the subnets, and collecting information on the attacks.
Once an attack is recognized or strange behaviour is scanned, the administrator will send the notification. An example of a Network Intrusion Detection System is deploying it on the subnet where firewalls are discovered to see if someone is attempting to break the firewall.
Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
Host intrusion detection systems (HIDS) can run on the independent host or devices on the system or network. This system scans the outgoing and incoming packets from the host or device alone and notifies the administrator if malicious activities are detected.
Moreover, it clutches the image of the existing file of the system and does a comparative analysis with the previous snapshot. As this host intrusion detection systems keep monitoring the network or system, it immediately sends an alert to the administrator if it finds any files of the system deleted or edited. Mission-critical equipment, which is not anticipated to modify its layout, is the best example of HIDS usage.
Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System (PIDS)
A protocol-based intrusion detection system (PIDS) consists of a system or agent that typically operates at the server's front end and controls and interprets the protocol used by users and devices to communicate with the server. This system will continuously monitor and secure the web servers and HTTPS protocol stream and accept the related HTTP protocol.
This system would need to be located in this interface to use Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure because it is unencrypted before accessing its web presentation layer.
Application Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System (APIDS)
Application Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System (APIDS) is the agent that typically resides within the server groups. This system helps evaluate the intrusions by scanning and communicating with the application-based protocols.
For example, The Application Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System will closely monitor the SQL protocol specific to the middleware as it interacts with the database in the web server with an application protocol-based intrusion detection system.
Hybrid Intrusion Detection System
A hybrid intrusion detection system is created by combining two or more intrusion detection system methodologies.
Host agent or system data is merged with network data in the hybrid intrusion detection system to create a clear overview of the network system. In contrast to other intrusion detection systems, hybrid intrusion detection systems are more effective. Hybrid IDS is demonstrated by Prelude.
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Detection Method of Intrusion Detection System
Signature-based Method
Signature-based IDS can recognise attacks based on specific patterns in the network traffic, such as the number of bytes. It also detects based on the infection's known harmful instruction sequence. The patterns that the IDS has found are called signatures.
A signature-based IDS can quickly identify assaults whose pattern (signature) is already present in the system. Still, it can be challenging to identify newly discovered malware attacks whose signature is unknown.
Anomaly-based Method
Anomaly-based IDS is developed to recognize unidentified assaults due to the ongoing development of new malware. Machine learning is used in anomaly-based IDS to create a trustworthy activity model that evaluates everything arriving and is classified as suspicious if it is not present in the model.
Machine learning-based IDS offer a better general property than signature-based IDS since these models may be trained utilizing various software and hardware setups.
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Comparison of IDS with Firewalls
Network security concerns IDS and firewalls; however, an IDS monitors the network for intrusions while a firewall looks for attacks from the outside. Firewalls discern access between networks to prevent intrusion; if an attack comes from within the network, it is untraceable. An IDS analyzes an intrusion once it has already happened before raising the alarm.
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Capabilities of intrusion detection systems
Intrusion detection systems monitor network traffic to spot when unauthorized people are committing an assault. IDSes accomplish this by giving access to the security experts, and the following features are:
- The expert will monitor the key management, firewall, and router. Moreover, they prevent networks or systems from security breaches. They play a pivotal role in detecting, preventing and recovering from a cyberattack.
- Pay the way for the administrator to adjust, manage and comprehend appropriate OS documentation and other logs, which are otherwise challenging to track down or interpret;
- As it provides an easy access interface, the person who is not an expert will be able to handle the managing system security.
- Identify the status of changed data files and communicate with the user if any problem occurs.
- Alarm and alert security if it finds any malicious attack occurs in the network or system.
- Prevent intrusions or the server in response to them.
Benefits of intrusion detection systems
Intrusion detection systems provide organizations with various advantages, from prevention to identifying security breaches. The IDS helps detect and analyze the types of attacks imposed on the system or network. In such a scenario, an organization can change their security system password or set effective control over the management. An intrusion detection system can also aid the organization in examining bugs in the network device and detecting future risks.
With an IDS, businesses have better network visibility, which makes it simpler to adhere to security standards. Businesses can also utilize their IDS records as part of the documentation to demonstrate that they are complying with legal standards.
Systems for detecting intrusions can enhance security responses. IDS sensors can identify hostnames and devices; therefore, they help analyze data within network packets and figure out what services are utilizing operating systems. It may be considerably more effective to utilize an IDS to gather this data than manually counting all linked systems.
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Challenges of intrusion detection systems
False positives or false alarms are common with IDSes. As a result, businesses must make appropriate changes while installing IDS devices. This involves effectively setting up intrusion detection systems to distinguish between legitimate network traffic and possibly malicious behaviour.
However, despite the inefficiencies they cause, false positives don't usually cause serious damage to the actual network and simply lead to configuration improvements.
False negatives are a significantly harmful type of IDS error that happens when an IDS fails to hit a threat and misinterprets it as legitimate traffic.
IT teams frequently discover attacks after the network has already been infiltrated in false negative scenarios where they are ignorant of an attack. An IDS should be more responsive to unusual behaviour than necessary to prevent false positives or negatives.
The false negative is a big issue for IDSes because cyber threats increase and create many interruptions for the network and system. It can be challenging to identify a suspected intrusion since newly discovered malware may not exhibit the patterns of suspicious activity that IDSes are generally built to identify.
IDSes are becoming increasingly dependent on recognizing new risks, evading strategies as soon as they emerge, and actively monitoring recent activity.
How do intrusion detection systems work?
Intrusion detection systems are employed to identify inaccuracies and catch hackers before severely damaging a network.
IDSes can either be host-based or network-based. The network-based intrusion detection system resides on the network, whereas a host-based intrusion detection system is installed on the client's computer.
Intrusion detection systems look for well-known attack signatures or changes from typical practices to detect intrusions. Once these changes or deviations are pushed up the stack, the protocol and application layers are examined. They are effective at identifying events like DNS poisonings and Christmas tree scans.
A network security appliance or a software programme running on client hardware is used to construct an IDS. Additional cloud-based intrusion detection solutions are available to protect systems and information in cloud platforms. So, this is how Intrusion Detection System works.
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